Axon originates from the discharging end of Neuron while Dendrite originates from the receiving end of Neuron. Some of the main differences between Axon and Dendrite are as follows. One of the differences between Dendrite and Axon is the fatty substance named myelin which only covers the Axon. The Axons are the main transition lines which bundle up for creating the Nerve. The impulses typically come from the Cell body at a special junction named as Axon hillock. The Axon is a tail-like projection of a Nerve Cell, also called the Nerve fiber which conducts electrical impulses within the body which is away from the soma or Nerve Cells. If a Neuron rejects the incoming trigger, the Nerve impulse is shifted down to the Axon. The impulse is primarily dependent on the number of inhibitory and excitatory signals it receives. The single Neuron might consist of multiple sets of Dendrites and it can receive a lot of information from input signals. The incoming signals of dendron function belong to two categories - inhibitory which prevents the Neurons from taking the trigger and excitatory which makes the Neurons take the trigger. The function of the dendron is to accept and process the incoming information that takes place within Dendrites. The Dendrites are specialized forms of short fibrous branches which extend from the Nerve Cell body. This is the fundamental structural difference between the Axons and the Dendrites.
The processes of short branching are called Dendrites while the processes that are longer than Dendrites are called Axons. The Nerve Cells consist of two distinctive and important components - Axons and Dendrites. Neurons produce a significant chunk of protein and these proteins get absorbed in the soma. The Neurons are Nerve Cells having the Cell body called soma.
There are various billions of Neurons that are present in the body that have extensions like Axons and the Dendrites. The Neurons are the components of PNS that are vital for processing as well as transferring information to muscles, glands, and Nerve Cells. The signals that are received by CNS are primarily from PNS which plays the supporting role.
The PNS is made up of Neurons, plus other parts that are outside CNS. The other component of the Nervous System, as mentioned above, is PNS. The System is responsible for regulating command, coordination, information, and the integration which influences numerous activities of the body. The CNS is essentially the hub of the organism’s body, which includes parts of the brain and spinal cord. The Human Nervous System is primarily divided into two components - the peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS).